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Condition and Nutrition Assessment Table
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Amino Acids 40 - Plasma
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Overview
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Clinician Info
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CPT Codes
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Kit Instructions
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Sample Reports
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Interpretive Guide
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References
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The Body’s Fundamental Building Blocks
 
Bloodspot™ Amino Acid testing features:
- Amino acid testing from a simple finger stick
- Easy implementation in any practice
- Cost-effective testing and therapy
- Customized amino acid formulations based on your patient's specific test results
- An economical follow-up plasma amino acid testing to monitor therapy
Metametrix amino acid testing features:
- A variety of specimen and profile choices
- Customized amino acid formulations based on your patient's specific results
Amino acids make up proteins found in every tissue of the body. They play a major role in nearly every chemical process that affects both physical and mental function. As a result, amino acids have more diverse functions than any other nutrient group, including:
- Cellular energy production
- Formation of ligaments, tendons, and bones
- Formation of antibodies
- Formation and regulation of enzymes and blood transport proteins
Plasma Amino Acids
Fasting plasma levels represent a homeostatic balance between supply and utilization of amino acids. Problems in amino acid metabolism are revealed by the amino acids and metabolites that are reported in categories according to function.
Plasma 40 Profile
The plasma profile can illuminate problems in amino acid absorption by determining essential amino acids imbalances. Additionally, evaluation of essential amino acid derivatives show neuroendocrine metabolic disorders as well as functional vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Also assessed are amino acid derivatives focusing on energy, sulfation, muscle wasting, and bone loss.
Urine Amino Acids
Urine amino acid analysis is better for discriminating the metabolic effects of short-term (24 to 48 hour) dietary changes than is plasma analysis. Conversely, urine analysis requires more rigorous dietary control than plasma analysis in order to give an accurate picture of a patient’s steady-state amino acid sufficiency and metabolism.
Urine 40 Profile
The urine amino acid profile reports levels of essential amino acids and their derivatives in categories. Functional vitamin and mineral deficiencies and diagnosis of metabolic disorders, including neuroendocrine, muscle wasting, and bone loss, can be determined from a urine amino acid analysis. A 24-hour urine collection gives the most accurate analysis of urine amino acids.
Important Notice about the Amino Acids 24-Hour Urine Kit
Customized Amino Acid Formula
A formula for a customized amino acid blend individually formulated, based on your patient’s specific test results, is provided with every plasma amino acid test result. These customized amino acid formulations provide appropriate amounts of essential and conditionally essential amino acids, delivered in a balanced ratio to offset the risk of imbalance sometimes seen with the use of single amino acid supplements. This blend can be made by many compounding pharmacies.
Bloodspot™ Amino Acid Assay
The Bloodspot Amino Acid Assay can illuminate problems in amino acid absorption by determining essential amino acid imbalances. The Bloodspot Amino Acid Assay is a non-invasive alternative to a blood draw in determining essential amino acid status and therefore may be a better alternative in the pediatric setting. The test kit is simple enough for the patient to use at home.
| Test name: |
0010 - Amino Acids - 40 analytes
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| Description: |
Fasting plasma levels of amino acids represent homeostatic balance between supply and utilization of these critical building blocks. Problems in amino acid metabolism are revealed by the amino acids and metabolites that are reported in categories according to function. Amino acid analysis helps with determination of amino acid imbalances, evaluation of functional vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and diagnosis of metabolic disorders. A formula for a custom amino acid blend is provided with every plasma amino acid test result. This blend can be made by any compounding pharamacy. |
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| Method: |
Reversed Phase UHPLC Method |
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| Turnaround time: |
7-14 days, 10 days average |
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Analytes:
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ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
Arginine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES
NEUROENDOCRINE METABOLISM
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Glycine Serine Taurine Tyrosine
AMMONIA/ENERGY METABOLISM
Alpha-Aminoadipic Acid Asparagine Aspartic Acid Citrulline Glutamic Acid Glutamine Ornithine
SULFUR METABOLISM
Cystine Cystahionine Homocystine
ADDITIONAL METABOLITES
Alpha-Amino-N-Butyric Acid Alanine Anserine Beta-Alanine Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid Carnosine Ethanolamine Hydroxylysine 1-Methylhistidine 3-Methylhistidine Phosphoethanolamine Phosphoserine Proline Sarcosine
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| 82139 |
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Amino acids, 6 or more, quantitative |
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ReferencesAmino Acids - Plasma
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Role of meal carbohydrate content for the imbalance of plasma amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Schulte-Frohlinde E, Wagenpfeil S, Willis J, Lersch C, Eckel F, Schmid R, Schusdziarra V. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Aug;22(8):1241-8.
L-arginine and cardiovascular system. Cylwik D, Mogielnicki A, Buczko W. Pharmacol Rep. Jan-Feb 2005;57(1):14-22.
Plasma concentrations of excitatory amino acids serine, glycine, taurine and histidine in major depression.
Altamura C, Maes M, Dai J, Meltzer HY. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1995;5 Suppl:71-75.
Tryptophan depletion, serotonin, and depression: where do we stand?
Neumeister A. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2003;37(4):99-115.
Pharmacogenetics and individual variation in the range of amino acid adequacy: the biological aspects.
Caldwell J. J Nutr. Jun 2004;134(6 Suppl):1600S-1604S; discussion 1630S-1632S, 1667S-1672S.
Metabolomics and its potential for assessment of adequacy and safety of amino acid intake.
Noguchi Y, Sakai R, Kimura T. J Nutr. Jun 2003;133(6 Suppl 1):2097S-2100S.
Effect of cortisol on energy expenditure and amino acid metabolism in humans.
Brillon DJ, Zheng B, Campbell RG, Matthews DE. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(3 Pt 1):E501-513.
Protein requirements and supplementation in strength sports.
Phillips SM. Nutrition. Jul-Aug 2004;20(7-8):689-695.
Serum levels of excitatory amino acids, serine, glycine, histidine, threonine, taurine, alanine and
arginine in treatment-resistant depression: modulation by treatment with antidepressants and prediction of clinical responsivity.
Maes M, Verkerk R, Vandoolaeghe E, Lin A, Scharpe S. Acta Psychiatr Scand. Apr 1998;97(4):302-308.
Plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease.
Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. Aug 2004;80(2):483-488.
Contribution of dietary protein and inorganic sulfur to urinary sulfate: toward a biomarker of inorganic sulfur intake.
Magee EA, Curno R, Edmond LM, Cummings JH. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul 2004;80(1):137-142.
Macronutrient intakes as determinants of dietary protein and amino acid adequacy.
Millward DJ. J Nutr. Jun 2004;134(6 Suppl):1588S-1596S.
Low plasma glutamine in combination with high glutamate levels indicate risk for loss of body cell mass in healthy individuals: the effect of N- acetyl-cysteine.
Kinscherf R, Hack V, Fischbach T, et al. J Mol Med. 1996;74(7):393-400.
Co-existence of GABA and Glu in the hippocampal granule cells: implications for epilepsy.
Gutierrez R, Heinemann U. Curr Top Med Chem. 2006;6(10):975-978.
Response of alanine metabolism in humans to manipulation of dietary protein and energy intakes.
Yang RD, Matthews DE, Bier DM, Wen ZM, Young VR. Am J Physiol. Jan 1986;250(1 Pt 1):E39-46.
Ethanolamine and phosphoethanolamine inhibit mitochondrial function in vitro: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis in depression and bipolar disorder.
Modica-Napolitano JS, Renshaw PF. Biol Psychiatry. Feb 1 2004;55(3):273-277.
Plasma proline and leucine kinetics: response to 4 wk with proline-free diets in young adults.
Hiramatsu T, Cortiella J, Marchini JS, Chapman TE, Young VR. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60(2):207-215.
Gender-related differences in carnosine, anserine and lysine content of murine skeletal muscle.
Penafiel R, Ruzafa C, Monserrat F, Cremades A. Amino Acids. Feb 2004;26(1):53-58.
Clinical usefulness of urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in indicating muscle protein breakdown.
Elia M, Carter A, Bacon S, Winearls CG, Smith R. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;282(6261):351-354.
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